How can stems be conditioned for optimal hydration?

Cutting stems underwater is an effective method for conditioning them for optimal hydration. This technique helps to prevent air bubbles from entering the stems, which can block water uptake and lead to wilting. When stems are submerged in water during the cutting process, it allows for a clean cut to be made without introducing air into the vascular system of the plant. As a result, the stems can take in water more efficiently once placed in a floral arrangement or vase.

This method is particularly useful for certain types of flowers, especially woody stems, which are more susceptible to air blockage. It ensures that the maximum surface area of the cut is in contact with water right away, promoting better hydration and extending the longevity of the floral arrangement.

Other methods such as cutting above water or soaking stems in hot water do not address the air blockage issue as effectively, while wrapping stems in damp cloth may provide temporary moisture but does not facilitate immediate hydration like cutting underwater does. Thus, cutting stems underwater stands out as the best practice for ensuring optimal hydration of stems.